These increase the potential for overexertion because they don't allow the body to apply muscle strength in an efficient manner. Slipping, rushing or reacting to the sudden movement of a load activates muscles quickly. This can result in strains and sprains because it's hard to use the supporting muscle groups in a coordinated, effective manner.

Reduce rushing and sudden, unexpected muscle loading by:

• Avoiding forced pacing - provide adequate time and buffer space
• Minimizing the potential for loads to shift during handling
• Avoiding the need to "catch" loads or using the body to stop the movement of loads
• Minimizing tripping and slipping hazards
• Ensuring that loads and carts have well-positioned handles
• Avoiding the need to open doors or climb steps when pushing/pulling or carrying loads
• Warming up/stretching before physical exertions

Working in a hot environment under high metabolic load can lead to heat stress, whole body fatigue, and/or cardiovascular strain. Working in a cold environment can result in reduced blood flow and muscle tension, which makes muscles more susceptible to strains.

Reduce risks associated with temperature extremes by:

• Wearing proper clothing
• Taking frequent breaks in normal temperatures
• Stretching properly
• Drinking plenty of water